Posted on
July 31, 2021
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WHY DO HEAD GASKETS FAIL?
Why do the gaskets fail? Head gaskets are designed and manufactured to perform at 100% reliability. So why would they fail?
Here are a few reasons. Head gasket failures seem to be more prevalent after the first time the head has been removed. This is especially true since the introduction of substitute materials to replace asbestos. As a result, materials and assembly procedures have changed to assure optimal performance of head gaskets. Following is a list of possible causes for failures:
WHY DO GASKETS FAIL?
LINER STAND-OUT
Cylinder liner height above block must be to specification. Also, no more than 0.002 in. (0.05mm) variation between adjacent cylinders.
IMPROPER PREPARATION
Clean, dry, oil free deck surface without adhesives is essential. It is a good idea to restore the threads and pre-lube capscrews before installing.
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IMPROPER ASSEMBLY
Locating head with aid of guide studs prevents damage to gasket while aligning bolt holes.
TIGHTENING SEQUENCE
Some new procedures have been adopted. Refer to current component technical manual.
HEAD CAPSCREW TORQUE
Four systems are in use for Waterloo block. Depends on bolt length and design. Refer to technical manual.
OVERHEATING
Heating damage to gasket can cause failure.
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OVERSPEEDING
Increased cylinder pressure can cause gasket to fail due to overspeeding engine under load.
OVERFUELING
Increased power increases cylinder pressure (BMEP) which can damage gasket.
HEAD AND BLOCK FLATNESS
Check face for straightness both lengthwise and across the width.
NEW CAPSCREWS
Use new head capscrews if existing ones are damaged or previously taken to yield.
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INCORRECT RESURFACING
Micro-finish according to specifications.
SHIPPING DAMAGE
Head gaskets can be easily damaged by improper handling during shipment (bending). Inspect carefully.
BAD GASKET
It is possible to have a manufacturing defect. Inspect new gaskets carefully.
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